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A brief note for those of you who are new at deciphering Latin whether it be found in parish registers, on cemetery or church monuments or in documents.

 

a.d., ante diem

this phrase is usually followed by a specific number, e.g. ante diem quintum meaning 'five days before' the day of the event, and is used to record specific calendar dates. NB include both the day of the event and the day included, to reckon the correct date. Example: a.d. V Id. Mar. means ante diem quintum Idus Martias, which translates to 5 days before the 15th of March, or, the 11th of March.

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adsum

to be present at, appear before, support, assist

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abavia, abavus

a person's great-great-grandmother or great-great-grandfather

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ad perpetuam rei memoriam

As(for) a perpetual record of the matter

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ad ultimum

finally

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admissa fuit tenens

was admitted a tenant

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admitti tenens

to be admitted as a tenant

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adolescens, adulescens

young man or woman between 15 and 30 years

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aequalis

something or someone being of the same age as another

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aetas; aetas suae

age; his or her age

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aetatum

for life

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aie., animae

life, soul, spirit

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aliquis tenens

any tenant holding

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aliter, and, alius

otherwise, and, other

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Am., Amen

Amen

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amicus humani generis



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amita, amita magna, amita maior, amita maxima

a person's aunt, grand-aunt, great-grandaunt, great-great-grandaunt on the male side of the family

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ancillae

young servants

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animo imbecillus

weak, frail

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anno, annus

of or for one year

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anno predicto

in the beforesaid/aforesaid year

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annos natus est

a term used to indicate the age of a person in years and will always be preceded by a numeral, ex. octo annos natus est, meaning he/she is eight years old, or was born eight years ago

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annus bissextus

leap year

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anonyma, anonymus

stillborn daughter (anonyma) or son (anonymus

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antea

formerly

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antiqorum

ancient

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Aprilis

April

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armenta

cattle for ploughing

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armentales

belonging to a herd

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armentum

a herd

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armiger

armour-bearer, used to denote an esquire

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atavia, atavus

a person's great-great-great-grandmother or great-great-great-grandfather

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Augustus

August

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avia/avus

a person's grandmother/grandfather

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avunculus, avunculus magnus, avunculus maior, avunculus maximus

a person's uncle, grand-uncle, great-granduncle, great-great-granduncle on the female side of the family

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b.i.d., bis in die

twice a day

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Beatae memoriae

of blessed memory

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biduum

two days

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biennium

for a period of two years

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bis anno

twice a year

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boves iugales

ox teams

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campo

field

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capel

chapel

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caper, capra, caprae

male goat, female goat

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capitis damnare

condemn to death

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casus

accident, fall, event, misfortune

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civis

citizen

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collactanea

foster mother

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coloni

crofter, farmer, settler or colonist

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comes

used to denote an earl

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coniugium

in a marriage, or, the state of being married

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consobrina/consobrinus

a person's female/male first cousin on mother's side

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consuetudinar

customary

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consuetudinariis

customary tenant

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consuetum pretium

customary price

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contra leges

illegally

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convivium

a form of land tenure whereby the tenant was bound to provide meat and drink for his lord once per year

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copia

a copy. Also an opportunity or means of access to some item.

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coram

before or in the presence of

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coram paribus

before one's peers

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cotari

cottage

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cott idie

every day

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contra leges

illegally

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convincere

to prove guilty of an offence

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Cui., or Ciu = cuius

whose

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Ciu aie ppict' ds Am = Cuius animae propicietur deus, amen

may God have mercy on his soul

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conicere

to commit to prison

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cottidianus, cottidie

daily, everyday

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croftum

a croft

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Cum ad curia

whereas at a court

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cum haec ita sint

under the circumstances

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cum suis per tinentibus

with their appurtenances

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cumque etiam

whereas also

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D., defunct

died

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damnare

to pass sentence for a crime

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debet

owes, as in owes money

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debent

should, as in should perform a specific act

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Dei gratia

by the Grace of God

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denarius, denarium

an English penny

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Dns or dni, Dominus or Domini

Lord

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ds., deus

God

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d.s.p., decessit sine prole

died without issue

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d.s.p.l., decessit sine prole legitima

died without legitimate issue

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d.s.p.m. and d.s.p.m.s., decessit sine prole mascula superstite

died without surviving male issue

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d.s.p.s., decessit sine prole superstite

died without surviving issue

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d.s.p.v.p., decessit sine prole vita patris

the individual died without issue during the lifetime of his/her own father

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d.s.p.v.m., decessit sine prole vita matris

the individual died without issue during the lifetime of his/her own mother

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DV, Deo volente

God willing

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d.v.m., decessit vita matris

an individual who dies during the lifetime of his/her own mother, implies that the individual had living children at the time of his/her own death

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d.v.p., decessit vita patris

an individual who dies during the lifetime of his/her own father, implies that the individual had living children at the time of his/her own death

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dextans

a measure equal to five-sixths

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diem de die, diem ex die

from day to day

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diem obire

die

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dies

day

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dimidia

one-half of a measurement, such as one-half of one acre

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diurnas

by day

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dodrans

a measure equal to three-fourths, or, three-quarters

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durante termino vite sue

during the term of her life

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durante vita

during life

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durat usque

extends to, as in a description of property e.g. the land extends to the roadway.

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elapso tempore

the time having passed

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eorum

their

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episcopi, episcopo

a Bishop of a church

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equaliter

equal, as in equal proportions

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equus/equites

horses

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errare humanum est

to err is human

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et sequentes (sequentia)

to those that follow

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et sic de ceteris

and so of the rest

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ex sursum redditione

by the surrender

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excipere

to inherit

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expositio, narratio

an account or story

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exsequi

to act upon

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faber suae fortunae

a self-made person

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familiaritas

to be acquainted with a person

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faveo linguis

keep silence

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Februarius

February

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fecit

made, executed, completed

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feodo, pro feodo

a fee, for the fee of

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fidei defensor

defender of the faith

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fieri

be made

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filia/filio vinca et heres

the only surviving child (daughter/son) and heir of ....

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Filiolus

A godson

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Filius mulieratus

The eldest legitimate son of a woman who was illicitly connected with that son's father before their marriage.

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Filius populi;
filius terrae
filius nullius

Each of these expressions were used to represent an illegitimate child: filius populi being a son of the people; filius terrae being a son of the soil or earth; filius nullius being a son of no man.

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fossoris

a person who digs, a digger

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frater or fratres

a person's brother

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frater consanguineas

a person's step-brother sharing a common father

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frater uterinus

a person's step-brother sharing a common mother

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fructus

a tree crop

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frumentum, frumentarius

corn, corn dealer

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fundi

estate

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funus

funeral

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furtum facere

commit a theft

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gallina

a hen

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gener

a person's son-in-law

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generosus

used to denote a gentleman

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germanus

a term used to describe the fact that two people have the same parents - full brothers, full sisters - a true or full relationship

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Gloria patri

Glory be to the Father

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hac, haec

this

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hac voce

under this word/phrase, hereunder

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haec aetas

this day, the present day

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handana

a day's work

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herbagium

pasture, right of pasture

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heredes

heirs

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heredipeta

the next heir

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hereditaria

heiress

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hereditarie

by inheritance

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hereditarius

hereditary heir

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hereditas, hereditatio

inheritance

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heres

heirs

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heres ex triente

an heir to one-third (of an estate)

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hic iacet (jacet)

here lies dead

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hieme

winter

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hinc

hence

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hinc inde

hereupon

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hora

the hour, the time of day, a season

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hornus

this year, or, this year's

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hsi or hse, hic sepultus, hic est

here is buried, here is

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hui eccli'e, huius ecclesiae

of this Church

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humatio

burying

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iam adero

I'll be back soon

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Ianuarius

January

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Id., Idus

the 13th day of mosty months, but the 15th of March, May, July, October

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Idem tenet

the same holds, as in '...the same holds true for...'

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ignobilitas

of low-standing birth

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Ihs (Jhs)or Ihu (Jhu), Ihesus (Jhesus)

Jesus

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illicitus

illegal

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imprimis

especially, or firstly/primary when used in a Will e.g. "Imprimis, I recommend my soul...".

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impubes

under age

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in annum

for one year

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in antea

henceforth, for the future

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in articulo mortis

at the point of death

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in continuatione

in consideration

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in curiam domini

in the Lord's (of the manor) Court

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