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Ancestry Solutions'
Ancestral Collectives
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 1185 - 1271 (86 years)
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| Name |
Philip BASSET |
| Prefix |
Sir |
| Born |
1185 |
Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England  |
| Gender |
Male |
| _UID |
0E83ABB5BA23D511B6E7DD3AFA2E9C35616C |
| Died |
19 Oct 1271 |
| Person ID |
I1765 |
YoungFamily |
| Last Modified |
26 Oct 2021 |
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| Notes |
- Philip Basset (c. 1185 – 19 October 1271) was the Justiciar of England.
Philip was the son of Alan Basset of High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire and his wife, Aline Degai.[citation needed] His elder brothers were Gilbert, a baronial leader, and Fulk, who became bishop of London.[4]
He inherited the manor of Wycombe; the town received market borough status in 1237.
Basset served as the Justiciar of England between the two terms served by his son-in-law, Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer.[5] He served during the period that Henry III regained control of the government from the barons.
He was married twice. By Hawise, granddaughter of Godfrey of Louvain (d.1226), he had two daughters:[6][2]
Aline, who married firstly Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer and secondly Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk
Margery, who married Sir John FitzJohn.
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Justiciar of England.
Justiciar is the English form of the medieval Latin term justiciarius or justitiarius ("man of justice", i.e. judge). During the Middle Ages in England, the Chief Justiciar (later known simply as the Justiciar) was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,[1] as the monarch's chief minister. Similar positions existed in continental Europe, particularly in Norman Italy and in the Carolingian Empire.
England
In the Kingdom of England, the term "justiciar" originally referred to any officer of the King's Court (Curia Regis) or, indeed, anyone who possessed a law court of his own or was qualified to act as a judge in the shire-courts. In each English shire, the sheriff was the king's representative in all matters. The only appeal against decisions of the sheriff or his courts was to the king. During the reign of William Rufus, many sheriffs were severely overworked; Rufus eased the burden by appointing local justiciars in some shires.
The Norman kings were often overseas and appointed a justiciar, regent or lieutenant to represent them in the kingdom, as the sheriff did in the shire. Later, this post became known as the Chief Justiciar (or royal capital justiciar), although the titles were not generally used contemporaneously.[2] Some historians claim the first in the post was Roger of Salisbury; Frank Barlow argues in favour of Bishop Ranulf Flambard, a functionary within the household of William I of England, as the first, and points out that the role began, perhaps, with Odo of Bayeux in his relationship with William I.[3] However, Flambard was not a chief justiciar but was probably the first to exercise the powers of a justiciar. It was not until the reign of Henry II that the title was exclusively applied to the king's chief minister.[2]
The chief justiciar was invariably a great noble or churchman, and the office became very powerful and important; enough to be a threat to the king. The last great justiciar, Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent, was removed from office in 1232, and the chancellor soon took the position formerly occupied by the chief justiciar as second to the king in dignity, as well as in power and influence. Under King Edward I, the office of justiciar was replaced by separate heads for the three branches into which the King's Court was divided – justices of the Court of Common Pleas, justices of the Court of King's Bench, and barons of the Court of Exchequer.[2]
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